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Off-label adjunct to compression therapy with case-series evidence for accelerated healing in compression-resistant venous ulcers.

Off-label use with case-series evidence for symptomatic relief of leg pain, heaviness, and ulceration in PTS following deep vein thrombosis.

Investigational use with case-series evidence for reduction of migraine frequency and intensity; mechanism plausible via reduction of cervico-cranial venous congestion.

Investigational adjunctive use; mechanism includes mild diuresis from blood-volume removal and hirudin-mediated vascular endothelial effects. Not a substitute for pharmacotherapy.

Investigational use for symptomatic relief of varicose tributary discomfort and inflammation; does not eliminate underlying venous reflux.

Investigational adjunctive use for non-suppurative lactational mastitis; case-series evidence for resolution of induration and reduced antibiotic days.

Investigational use for non-discogenic sciatica including piriformis syndrome; case-series evidence for pain reduction.

Investigational use for stable keloid and hypertrophic scars; case-series evidence for softening and flattening.

Investigational adjunctive use following breast cancer treatment with axillary node dissection; case-series evidence for arm volume reduction.

Investigational use for mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome; small RCT evidence suggests short-term symptom relief comparable to wrist splinting.

Investigational adjunct for refractory vestibular migraine; migraine prophylaxis (propranolol, topiramate, amitriptyline) and vestibular rehabilitation remain primary.