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The most potent natural thrombin inhibitor — and the molecular template for three FDA-approved direct thrombin inhibitor drugs.

Anti-platelet adhesion protein that blocks von Willebrand factor–collagen binding.

Anti-platelet adhesion protein blocking collagen-mediated platelet activation.

Lysozyme with isopeptidase activity that dissolves stabilized fibrin clots — including aged thrombi resistant to tPA.

Serine proteinase inhibitor targeting tissue kallikrein — anti-inflammatory pathway.

Potent inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G — anti-inflammatory protein widely used as research tool.

Kazal-type proteinase inhibitor targeting trypsin and plasmin — modulates inflammatory cascade.

Factor Xa inhibitor — prototype molecule that inspired the entire DOAC drug class (rivaroxaban, apixaban).

RGD-containing peptide inhibiting platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptor — eptifibatide ancestor.

RGD-peptide GP IIb/IIIa antagonist — sister molecule to decorsin from a different leech species.

Antimicrobial peptide active against Gram-negative bacteria — innate immunity of leech.

Antimicrobial peptide; structural analogue of mammalian defensin family.

Direct fibrinogenolytic enzyme — degrades fibrinogen independently of plasmin.

Factor Xa inhibitor with anti-inflammatory properties.

Selective inhibitor of human mast cell tryptase — anti-inflammatory pathway.

Hirudin variant from Hirudinaria manillensis with distinct kinetics.

Synthetic hirudin variant with improved oral pharmacokinetics — preclinical anticoagulant.

Inhibitor of TAFI (thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor) — synergizes with hirudin's anticoagulant action.

Direct fibrinogenolytic enzyme cleaving fibrinogen alpha-chain at unique sites — independent of plasmin.

Leech-derived inhibitor that potentiates host antithrombin III activity — synergistic anticoagulation.

Selective elastase inhibitor from Korean leech — anti-inflammatory potential in COPD and emphysema research.

Plasma kallikrein and trypsin inhibitor from Korean leech — anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic research.

Factor Xa inhibitor from Theromyzon tessulatum — Kunitz-domain analog with novel selectivity profile.

Picomolar-affinity thrombin inhibitor from Indian buffalo leech — distinct mechanism from hirudin.

Antimicrobial peptide active against Gram-positive bacteria — amphipathic alpha-helix.

Newly-characterized antimicrobial peptide family (Kumar 2025) — candidate next-generation antibiotics against AMR pathogens.

Trypsin and plasmin inhibitor; closely related to bdellins — anti-fibrinolytic modulation.

Factor XIIIa inhibitor — blocks fibrin cross-linking; novel mechanism distinct from hirudin.

Complement system modulator targeting C1q activation — immunological homeostasis.

Trypsin-plasmin inhibitor of Kazal-type family — sister to Bdellin B3.

Plasmin inhibitor of Kazal-type family — anti-fibrinolytic.

Isopeptidase domain of destabilase that cleaves cross-linked fibrin — distinct from lysozyme domain.

Lysozyme domain of destabilase — antimicrobial activity against peptidoglycan-containing bacteria.

Anti-Gram-positive peptide isolated from Asian medicinal leech salivary glands.

Trypsin and Factor Xa inhibitor with broad-spectrum serine protease activity.

Isoform of saratin — collagen-binding anti-platelet protein from Hirudo medicinalis.

Fibrinogenolytic / anti-platelet protein homologous to hementin — disrupts platelet aggregation.

Isoform of LAPP — collagen-binding inhibitor of platelet adhesion.

Salivary protein blocking platelet adhesion to extracellular matrix components.

Additional bdellin variant — Kazal-type proteinase inhibitor with trypsin/plasmin specificity.

Sequence variant of LDTI — selective tryptase / trypsin inhibitor relevant to mast-cell pathways.

Leech homolog of pancreatic (Kunitz-type) trypsin inhibitor — broad serine protease inhibition.

Salivary inhibitor of neutrophil elastase — modulates inflammatory tissue damage.

Isoform of theromycin — leech-derived antimicrobial / anti-inflammatory peptide.

Defensin-family cationic antimicrobial peptide identified in leech salivary tissue.

Cecropin-homolog antimicrobial peptide identified in the leech salivary secretome.

Non-hirudin thrombin inhibitor from the rhynchobdellid leech Theromyzon tessulatum — highest-affinity natural inhibitor identified in a non-Hirudo species.

Collagen-binding antiplatelet variant from the Hirudo medicinalis sialotranscriptome — paralog of saratin and saratin-2.

Small thrombin-inhibitor peptide identified in the Hirudo medicinalis salivary transcriptome — truncated hirudin-family analog.

Antiplatelet peptide identified in leech salivary transcriptome — inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro.