Prevalence of Major Bleeding in Elderly Patients on Oral Anticoagulants for Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Single-Center 12-Year Retrospective Review

Background/Objectives: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is a common arrhythmia in the elderly and carries a high risk of cardioembolic stroke. Oral anticoagulation is central to prevention, with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) increasingly replacing warfarin due to better safety and convenience. However, major bleeding remains a key concern, particularly in older patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of major bleeding among elderly patients (≥65 years) with NVAF treated with oral anticoagulants. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 886 elderly NVAF patients managed at a tertiary hospital between January 2012 and December 2023. Data on demographics, anticoagulant type, comorbidities, and bleeding events were collected. Associations between categorical variables were tested using Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, while logistic regression identified predictors of major bleeding. Results: The mean age was 78.4 ± 7.2 years, with equal gender distribution. Most patients (87.1%) received DOACs, while 12.9% were prescribed warfarin. A total of 63 patients (7.1%) experienced major bleeding, including 51 (6.6%) in the DOAC group and 12 (10.5%) in the warfarin group. Intracranial and intra-/retroperitoneal hemorrhages were most common. Logistic regression showed older age, prior bleeding, a higher HASBLED score, and antiplatelet use as significant predictors. Among patients with a recorded weight (n = 70), dosing adherence was better for apixaban and edoxaban compared to dabigatran and rivaroxaban. Conclusions: DOACs were associated with fewer major bleeding events than warfarin. Bleeding risk was strongly linked to age, prior bleeding, HASBLED score, and concomitant antiplatelet therapy, highlighting the importance of appropriate DOAC dosing for safety.

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