Los nuevos anticoagulantes

Currently, the anticoagulants available are limited to warfarin, heparin compounds, and direct thrombin inhibitors. Warfarin, the most commonly used outpatient anticoagulant, has significant shortcomings. There are numerous drug/drug and drug/food interactions, and there is difficulty in dosing for one-third of patients. Numerous new anticoagulants are undergoing testing. The meta-pentasaccharides use the core molecule of heparin and replace one or more of the sulphated groups. They are administered by subcutaneous injection, but they require only once per week dosing. Numerous studies have shown equivalents or superiority to warfarin in treatment for thromboembolic events. Direct thrombin inhibitors block thrombin (IIa) and are used mostly for heparin-induced thrombosis or during coronary interventions. However, there is an orally administered direct thrombin inhibitor, Dabigatran, which is undergoing phase III testing. It can be given without regard to weight, age, or gender with minimal drug interactions. This drug has been proven to be equivalent to low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis and showed no excess bleeding. Another promising group of anticoagulants with numerous investigations underway are the direct X inhibitors. Most are excreted renally as opposed to hepatic clearance with intravenous or oral dosing. Numerous phase II studies have shown them to have equivalent or superior prophylaxis for DVT when compared with LMWH. Oral IXa inhibitors and an oral thrombin cofactor inhibitor are also under development. It is clear that in the near future, anticoagulants will be available that offer significant advantages when compared to those currently in use.

Resumen tomado de PubMed (NCBI) para el registro citado, en el idioma original. La versión de referencia es la de la publicación original.

El resumen se deja sin traducir para conservar la redacción original de los autores.

Se examinan nuevos anticoagulantes, pues la warfarina plantea interacciones y dosificación difícil en un tercio de los pacientes. Los meta-pentasacáridos, subcutáneos semanales, han mostrado equivalencia o superioridad frente a la warfarina en eventos tromboembólicos. El dabigatrán oral, independiente de peso, edad y sexo, igualó a la HBPM en profilaxis de TVP sin exceso de sangrado; los inhibidores directos del factor X lograron en fase II profilaxis igual o superior. Los autores prevén ventajas significativas frente a los fármacos actuales.

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