Use of Fondaparinux Off-Label or Approved Anticoagulants for Management of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

BACKGROUND: Life-threatening heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is treated with the alternative nonheparin anticoagulants argatroban, lepirudin, or danaparoid. Frequently, the pentasaccharide fondaparinux is used off-label. OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to investigate the safety and efficacy of the different anticoagulants for treating HIT. METHODS: In a national, multicenter registry study, hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with HIT, an at least intermediate clinical HIT-risk (4Ts score ≥4 points), and received treatment with ≥1 dose of the aforementioned anticoagulants were included. Main outcome measures were the incidences of HIT-specific complications (thromboembolic venous/arterial events, amputations, recurrent/persistent thrombocytopenia, skin lesions) and bleedings. RESULTS: Of 195 patients, 46 (23.6%), 4 (2.1%), 61 (31.3%), and 84 (43.1%) had been treated first-line with argatroban, lepirudin, danaparoid, and fondaparinux, respectively. The composite endpoint of HIT-specific complications (thromboembolic events, amputation, skin necrosis) occurred in 11.7% of patients treated with approved alternative anticoagulation and in 0.0% of fondaparinux-treated patients. The all-cause in-hospital mortality rates were 14.4% during approved alternative anticoagulation and 0.0% during fondaparinux treatment. Bleeding complications occurred in alternatively anticoagulated patients and in fondaparinux-treated patients in 6.3% and 4.8%, respectively. Post hoc analysis of clinical and laboratory features confirmed "true" HIT in at least 74 of 195 (38.0%) patients; 35 of 74 (47.3%) were treated with fondaparinux. CONCLUSIONS: Fondaparinux is effective and safe in suspected acute HIT; no HIT-specific complications occurred in the fondaparinux-treated patients, even among those with a high clinical HIT probability. Further data from randomized controlled trials are urgently needed because lepirudin was recalled from the market; danaparoid access has been limited and is not approved in the United States; and argatroban is contraindicated in patients with impaired liver function, and activated partial thromboplastin time confounding may interfere with monitoring. (Retrospective Registry of Patients With Acute Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia Type II; NCT01304238).

Abstract aus PubMed (NCBI) für den zitierten Eintrag, in der Originalsprache wiedergegeben. Maßgeblich ist die Fassung der Originalpublikation.

Das Abstract wird nicht übersetzt, damit die eigene Wortwahl der Autoren erhalten bleibt.

In a multicenter registry of 195 patients with suspected acute heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, fondaparinux (first-line in 43.1%) showed no HIT-specific complications and 0% in-hospital mortality, versus 11.7% complications and 14.4% mortality under approved alternative anticoagulants.

Erfahren Sie, wie diese Forschung mit der klinischen Praxis verknüpft ist

Weitere begutachtete Studien in der Kategorie „Arzneimittelentwicklung“.

• Hirudotherapie in Medizin und Zahnmedizin — Jha K et al. (2015)
• Blutegeltherapie: eine Geschichte — Hyson J (2005)
• Hirudine der asiatischen medizinischen Blutegelart Hirudinaria manillensis: gleich und doch verschieden — Lukas P et al. (2019)
• Transcriptomic analysis of the salivary gland of medicinal leech Hirudo nipponia — Lu Z et al. (2018)
• Molekulardynamische und pharmakologische Untersuchungen an durch Protein-Engineering erzeugten Hirudin-Varianten von Hirudinaria manillensis und Hirudo medicinalis — Sun Y et al. (2022)
• Zellfreie Synthese der Hirudin-Variante 1 des blutsaugenden Egels Hirudo medicinalis — Wüstenhagen D et al. (2020)
• Produktion von Hirudin-Varianten durch gentechnisch veränderte mikrobielle Zellfabriken — Zhang J, Lan N (2018)
• Hirudin bei heparininduzierter Thrombozytopenie — Lubenow N, Greinacher A (2002)
• Hirudin verbessert die diabetische Nephropathie durch Hemmung der Gsdmd-vermittelten Pyroptose — Han J et al. (2023)
• Hirudin als alternatives Antikoagulans – eine historische Übersicht — Markwardt F (2002)

Alle von der ASH analysierten Studien →