Hirudin: clinical potential of a thrombin inhibitor
Research article published in Annual review of medicine (1994)
Abstract
Hirudin is the most potent and specific known inhibitor of thrombin, the enzyme that plays a key regulatory function in hemostasis and blood coagulation. The importance of thrombosis in cardiovascular disease has recently highlighted the limitations of existing antithrombotic drugs and the potential value of direct thrombin inhibition as an effective approach to antithrombotic therapy. Hirudin and a small peptidomimetic analog--hirulog--are being developed as alternatives to heparin for the treatment of unstable angina, for prevention of abrupt closure and restenosis following coronary angioplasty, for prevention of deep vein thrombosis after major orthopedic surgery, and as an adjunct to fibrinolytic therapy. Direct thrombin inhibitors have several potential advantages over heparin: They can inhibit thrombin bound to clots or extracellular matrices, which are relatively resistant to heparin; they do not require antithrombin III as a cofactor, which may lead to a more predictable dose response; and they are not inhibited by activated platelets, which release platelet factor 4 and other molecules that neutralize heparin. The results of early clinical studies suggest that hirudin and hirulog may be more efficacious and more predictable and may have fewer bleeding complications than heparin for several clinical indications.
Abstract sourced from PubMed (NCBI) for the cited record. See the original publication for the authoritative version.
Resumen
Hirudin is the most potent and specific known inhibitor of thrombin, the enzyme that plays a key regulatory function in hemostasis and blood coagulation.
Por qué esto importa para la hirudoterapia
Esta revisión examina el potencial clínico del hirudin —un inhibidor potente y específico de la trombina— y su análogo sintético, el hirulog, como alternativas a la heparina para el manejo de la trombosis en la enfermedad cardiovascular y la cirugía. Para el campo de la hirudoterapia, este artículo es conceptualmente relevante ya que delinea las ventajas mecanísticas de los inhibidores directos de la trombina como el hirudin, destacando su capacidad para inactivar la trombina unida al coágulo, operar de manera independiente de la antitrombina III y resistir la neutralización por parte de las plaquetas activadas. Como artículo de revisión, proporciona una síntesis de los desarrollos clínicos tempranos y los mecanismos farmacológicos en lugar de generar nuevos datos experimentales. Por lo tanto, su verdadero valor radica en establecer el fundamento terapéutico fundamental para el hirudin, más que en proporcionar resultados definitivos de eficacia clínica a largo plazo.
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Añadido a la biblioteca ASH: March 18, 2026 · Última actualización del sitio: June 18, 2026