Aktuelle Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit oraler Antikoagulanzien bei oberflächlicher Venenthrombose: eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit und Metaanalyse

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies suggest fondaparinux as an effective regimen for superficial venous thrombosis (SVT), but the inconvenience of prolonged parenteral injections has prompted investigations into oral anticoagulants (OACs). This study aims to evaluate the current evidence on the effectiveness and safety of OACs in the treatment of SVT. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024535625). A comprehensive literature search was performed across multiple databases up to April 2024. Studies were included if they involved adult patients diagnosed with SVT, treated with OACs, and reported relevant efficacy and safety outcomes. Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were considered. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were independently performed by two authors. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The search identified 1531 studies, with six studies (three RCTs and three prospective cohort studies) meeting inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis for Rivaroxaban-treated group showed DVT occurrence was 1.30% (95% CI 0.17-3.07%), SVT extension was 0.32% (95% CI: 0.00-1.58%), SVT recurrence was 0.75% (95% CI: 0.00-3.30%), clinically relevant non-major bleeding was 1.95% (95% CI: 0.46-4.11%), minor bleeding was 5.68% (95% CI: 3.02-9.01%). These estimates were for patients treated with rivaroxaban 10-20 mg once daily over 42 days to 37 months. No major bleeding was reported with rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that OACs, especially rivaroxaban, are effective and safe for the treatment of SVT. They offer a convenient alternative to parenteral anticoagulants, potentially improving patient compliance and outcomes. However, further large-scale studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

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Sechs Studien (drei RCT, drei prospektive Kohortenstudien) gingen in die Metaanalyse ein. Unter Rivaroxaban (10–20 mg einmal täglich über 42 Tage bis 37 Monate) traten tiefe Venenthrombosen in 1,30 %, eine Ausdehnung in 0,32 %, Rezidive in 0,75 %, klinisch relevante nicht schwere Blutungen in 1,95 % und leichte Blutungen in 5,68 % auf; mit 10 mg einmal täglich wurden keine schweren Blutungen berichtet. Die Autoren halten orale Antikoagulanzien, besonders Rivaroxaban, für wirksam und sicher, fordern aber größere Studien.

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