Efectividad y seguridad comparativas de diversos regímenes de anticoagulación para la trombosis de la vena porta en la cirrosis: una revisión sistemática y metanálisis en red

BackgroundPortal venous thrombosis (PVT) is a serious complication in cirrhosis, with management debated due to differing anticoagulant guidelines. This network meta-analysis assessed various anticoagulants for PVT in cirrhotic patients.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Central, and ScienceDirect were searched till May 2025. A frequentist network meta-analysis was conducted in RStudio version 4.3.3. The ranking was based on P-scores.ResultsNineteen studies were included in the analysis. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) (RR = 2.38; 95%CI:[1.17, 4.85]; p = 0.02), fondaparinux (RR = 18.16; 95%CI:[2.09, 158.13]; p = 0.009), low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) (RR = 11.96; 95%CI:[1.58, 90.79]; p = 0.01), LMWH-Warfarin sequential therapy (RR = 2.32; 95%CI:[1.01, 5.31]; p = 0.04), and Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) (RR = 1.71; 95%CI:[1.03, 2.83]; p = 0.04) showed a significant increase in complete recanalization, with fondaparinux ranked highest (P-score = 0.94). DOACs (RR = 0.23;95%CI:[0.07, 0.71]; p = 0.01), LMWH (RR = 0.24;95%CI:[0.11, 0.52]; p = 0.0003), LMWH-Warfarin sequential therapy (RR = 0.40;95%CI:[0.21, 0.77]; p = 0.006) demonstrated a significant reduction in PVT progression, with Antithrombin-III ranked highest (P-score = 0.87). Fondaparinux was ranked highest (P-score = 0.90) for reducing esophageal variceal bleeding, while LMWH was ranked highest (P-score = 0.72) for decreasing overall bleeding. DOACs significantly decreased mortality (RR = 0.74; 95% CI: [0.67, 0.81]; p < 0.0001), with LMWH ranked highest (P-score = 0.80) for mortality.ConclusionDOACs, LMWH, and LMWH-Warfarin sequential therapy significantly improved recanalization and reduced PVT progression. LMWH was ranked highest in reducing bleeding and mortality, while fondaparinux ranked highest regarding esophageal bleeding and complete recanalization.

Resumen tomado de PubMed (NCBI) para el registro citado, en el idioma original. La versión de referencia es la de la publicación original.

El resumen se deja sin traducir para conservar la redacción original de los autores.

El metanálisis en red incluyó 19 estudios. Los anticoagulantes orales directos (ACOD; RR 2,38), las heparinas de bajo peso molecular (HBPM; RR 11,96), fondaparinux (RR 18,16) y la terapia secuencial HBPM-warfarina (RR 2,32) aumentaron significativamente la recanalización completa. ACOD (RR 0,23), HBPM (RR 0,24) y la terapia secuencial (RR 0,40) redujeron la progresión trombótica. Los ACOD disminuyeron la mortalidad (RR 0,74); las HBPM encabezaron la clasificación en hemorragia total y mortalidad, y fondaparinux en recanalización y hemorragia por várices esofágicas.

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