Bivalirudina para la circulación extracorpórea en un paciente con alergia a la heparina

BACKGROUND: Hypersensitivity reactions to heparin are uncommon conditions but pose a serious clinical problem for patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Bivalirudin is a reversible direct thrombin inhibitor that can be used instead of heparin. CASE REPORT: A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital for coronary artery bypass graft operation with mitral insufficiency and tricuspid valve insufficiency. Heparin allergy was confirmed by skin biopsy and skin tests. Due to this allergy, we used bivalirudin (Bivacard VEM drug, Turkey) during the surgery. A loading dose of 1.0 mg/kg (100 mg) bivalirudin was administered through the central line and a continuous infusion of 2.5 mg/kg/h of the anticoagulant was initiated following the approved protocol. Serial ACTs were obtained at 15-minute intervals during the procedure and the measurements were 330s, 320s, 350s, 360s, and 340s consecutively. Additional boluses of 0.5 mg/kg (50 mg) were administered for each measurement. Left anterior descending, obtuse marginal arteries and the right coronary artery were grafted with the left internal mammary and saphenous veins. Also, mitral valve replacement with St Jude mechanical heart valve and tricuspid ring annuloplasty was performed with Medtronic Duran ring. After the surgery, the patient had an uneventful period in the postoperative intensive care unit with a total of 600ml and 300ml chest tube drainage for two days and was discharged on the 7th day. CONCLUSION: Alternative anticoagulation strategies are needed for cardiopulmonary bypass in patients unable to use heparin. Bivalirudin may be recommended as a viable alternative anticoagulant in patients with heparin allergy during cardiopulmonary bypass. However, each patient should be evaluated individually and it should not be forgotten that more than recommended doses may be needed.

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Varón de 49 años con alergia a la heparina confirmada por biopsia y pruebas cutáneas, operado de revascularización, sustitución valvular mitral y anuloplastia tricúspide bajo bivalirudina: carga de 1,0 mg/kg (100 mg), perfusión de 2,5 mg/kg/h y bolos de 0,5 mg/kg (50 mg) tras cada ACT. Postoperatorio sin incidencias, con drenaje torácico de 600 ml y 300 ml en dos días y alta al séptimo día. Para los autores, la bivalirudina puede ser una alternativa viable, con evaluación individual.

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