Sociedad Americana de Hirudoterapia

Breast reconstruction following conservative mastectomies: predictors of complications and outcomes.

Review published in Gland surgery (2015)

Última actualización: June 18, 2026Revisado por: ASH Editorial Board
Research article — evidence reviewArticle reference
Evidence: Narrative reviewEnsayos clínicosVoineskos et al. · Gland surgery, 2015

Abstract

Breast reconstruction can be performed using a variety of techniques, most commonly categorized into an alloplastic approach or an autologous tissue method. Both strategies have certain risk factors that influence reconstructive outcomes and complication rates. In alloplastic breast reconstruction, surgical outcomes and complication rates are negatively impacted by radiation, smoking, increased body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and prior breast conserving therapy. Surgical factors such as the type of implant material, undergoing immediate breast reconstruction, and the use of fat grafting can improve patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcomes. In autologous breast reconstruction, radiation, increased BMI, certain previous abdominal surgery, smoking, and delayed reconstruction are associated with higher complication rates. Though a pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap is the most common type of flap used for autologous breast reconstruction, pedicled TRAMs are more likely to be associated with fat necrosis than a free TRAM or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. Fat grafting can also be used to improve aesthetic outcomes in autologous reconstruction. This article focuses on factors, both patient and surgical, that are predictors of complications and outcomes in breast reconstruction.

Abstract sourced from PubMed (NCBI) for the cited record. See the original publication for the authoritative version.

Publication typeJournal ArticleReview

Resumen

Breast reconstruction can be performed using a variety of techniques, most commonly categorized into an alloplastic approach or an autologous tissue method. Both strategies have certain risk factors that influence reconstructive outcomes and complication rates.

Por qué esto importa para la hirudoterapia

This review examines predictors of complications and outcomes in breast reconstruction, covering both alloplastic and autologous approaches and discussing patient and surgical factors that influence reconstructive outcomes. For autologous reconstruction, risk factors including radiation, increased BMI, prior abdominal surgery, smoking, and delayed reconstruction are associated with higher complication rates; free TRAM and DIEP flaps show less fat necrosis than pedicled TRAM flaps. The article does not mention leeches or hirudotherapy at any point. Relevance to ASH's domain is only indirect, in that autologous free tissue transfer is a reconstructive context where flap complications may be managed clinically; no leech-specific link can be drawn from this abstract.

Citación

Breast reconstruction following conservative mastectomies: predictors of complications and outcomes.

Voineskos et al. · Gland surgery, 2015

Contexto clínico relacionado

Añadido a la biblioteca ASH: May 28, 2026 · Última actualización del sitio: June 18, 2026

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