Trombocitopenia inducida por heparina complicada por necrosis cutánea inducida por warfarina

PURPOSE: A case of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) complicated by warfarin-induced skin necrosis (WISN) is reported. SUMMARY: A patient with a history of hypertension, heart failure, and myocardial infarction was admitted to the hospital after complaining of a two-day history of shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and chest pain. The patient underwent a cardiac catheterization and received several medications, including heparin. Suspicions of HIT occurred when her platelets began to decrease severely and she developed a left groin hematoma and a pseudoaneurysm. Lepirudin was initiated and a heparin platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibody test was performed. The results were negative and lepirudin was discontinued. She was rechallenged with unfractionated heparin (UFH) after surgery of the pseudoaneurysm, but her platelets began to decrease again. A second PF4 test was performed, the results of which were positive. The UFH treatment was discontinued. Warfarin was also initiated after surgery and the patient's platelets rapidly increased after heparin was discontinued. She was discharged one week later. Three days after discharge, she was readmitted after complaining of severe pain and swelling of the fatty tissue of her right flank that began the day after she was discharged. Some blistering and necrosis were noted on the lesion. Histological sections showed focal thrombosis of vessels in the deep reticular dermis consistent with WISN. Local wound care was given to manage the WISN, lepirudin was initiated, and warfarin was discontinued and reinstated one week later at a low dosage. CONCLUSION: A patient with HIT developed severe skin necrosis after initiation of warfarin therapy.

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Una paciente recibió heparina durante un cateterismo cardiaco y desarrolló marcado descenso plaquetario, hematoma inguinal y pseudoaneurisma. Con lepirudina, el test PF4 fue negativo y se suspendió el fármaco. Tras reexponerla a HNF después de la cirugía, las plaquetas cayeron de nuevo; el segundo PF4 fue positivo y se inició warfarina. Tres días tras el alta reingresó con dolor, tumefacción y necrosis del flanco derecho; la histología mostró trombosis dérmicas profundas compatibles con necrosis cutánea por warfarina; se reintrodujo lepirudina.

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