American Society of Hirudotherapy

The effect and mechanism of freeze-dried powder ofon improving inflammatory injury of rat glomerular mesangial cells through TXNIP / NLRP3 pathway

Research article published in Heliyon (2024)

Last Updated: June 18, 2026Reviewed by: ASH Editorial Board
Research article — evidence reviewArticle reference
Evidence: Research reportDrug DevelopmentSun X et al. · Heliyon, 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiological changes in platelet function and the hypercoagulable state associated with DKD are closely linked to inflammatory processes. Poecilobdella manillensis (PM), a type of leech known for its anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties, has the potential to modulate the inflammatory response in DKD. This study aims to investigate the effect of freeze-dried powder of PM on improving inflammatory injury in rat glomerular mesangial cells and to explore its underlying mechanism. METHODS: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated HBZY-1 rat mesangial cells to establish an in vitro DKD inflammation model. After the intervention with the water extract of freeze-dried powder of PM (FDPM), cell viability, NO content, and the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α were assessed. Finally, utilizing transcriptomics technology, RT-qPCR, and Western blot methods, the mechanism by which FDPM improves inflammatory injury in rat glomerular mesangial cells was explored and preliminarily validated. RESULTS: FDPM effectively enhances cell viability and inhibits the production of NO and related inflammatory factors. Transcriptomic analysis suggests that FDPM may exert these effects by regulating the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. The mRNA and protein expressions of TXNIP, NLRP3, and MCP-1 in the model cells were reversed by FDPM. CONCLUSION: FDPM may improve the micro-inflammatory state of DKD and slow the progression of the disease by regulating the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. This study provides a scientific basis for the clinical application of PM DKD treatment.

Abstract sourced from PubMed (NCBI) for the cited record. See the original publication for the authoritative version.

Publication typeJournal Article

Summary

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication of.

Why This Matters for Hirudotherapy

This study examined the effects of freeze-dried powder from the leech Poecilobdella manillensis (FDPM) on inflammatory injury in LPS-stimulated rat glomerular mesangial cells, an in vitro model for diabetic kidney disease. The findings indicate that FDPM enhances cell viability and reduces inflammatory markers by modulating the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. This is highly relevant to the American Society of Hirudotherapy as it explores the anti-inflammatory properties of a specific leech species' extract, expanding the known therapeutic potential of leech-derived substances. A major caveat is that these results are strictly preclinical, based on an in vitro rat cell model, and do not establish clinical efficacy in human patients.

Citation

The effect and mechanism of freeze-dried powder ofon improving inflammatory injury of rat glomerular mesangial cells through TXNIP / NLRP3 pathway

Sun X et al. · Heliyon, 2024

Added to ASH library: May 27, 2026 · Site last updated: June 18, 2026

This website provides educational information and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Medicinal leech therapy carries clinically meaningful risks and should be performed only by qualified clinicians under institutionally approved protocols. FDA 510(k) clearance for medicinal leeches is limited to specific indications; investigational and off-label discussions are labeled accordingly. For patient-specific guidance, consult a qualified healthcare provider.