Research Library
Curated reviews of peer-reviewed research relevant to hirudotherapy
ASH structured research registries
In addition to 10051+ long-form research articles below, ASH curates 5 structured registries with cross-linking:
Editorial transparency & research roadmap
ASH treats this library as a living dataset. Current import baseline: 10051 long-form articles plus 449 metadata-imported PubMed/DOI records, with a public 10,000-article ingestion target. The pages below explain how we grade evidence, what PMIDs are still unverified, and where the corpus is going next.
Last updated: June 18, 2026
The ASH Research Library currently indexes 269 peer-reviewed publications relevant to hirudotherapy, spanning clinical trials, microsurgery outcomes, genomics & proteomics, drug development, salivary pharmacology, and safety & infection control. Each article carries a full citation and a link to the primary source where available. A curated subset (50+ entries) is fully annotated in Hirudopedia by condition, evidence grade, and study design.
Evidence discipline
Research categories
Antimicrobial Resistance
AMPs, antibiotic synergy, and novel approaches to drug-resistant pathogens.
248 articles
Salivary Pharmacology
Bioactive compounds in leech saliva — discovery, characterization, and therapeutic potential.
967 articles
Drug Development
Bench-to-bedside translation of leech-derived compounds.
3,263 articles
Clinical Trials
Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of leech therapy outcomes.
6,465 articles
Safety & Infection Control
Aeromonas surveillance, prophylaxis protocols, and adverse event data.
994 articles
Genomics & Proteomics
Omics-based discovery of novel leech salivary proteins and their functions.
807 articles
All articles
Recent research articles carrying original, peer-reviewed ASH analysis. See the full index of all 2,460 analysed articles, or search the complete 10,051-article corpus in the Smart Library (faceted by topic, evidence grade, year, and verification status).
Comparison of bleeding and thrombotic outcomes in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Heparin versus bivalirudin
Drug DevelopmentKartika et al. (2024) — European journal of haematology
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Argatroban anticoagulation for heparin induced thrombocytopenia in patients with ventricular assist devices
Drug DevelopmentPappalardo et al. (2012) — Minerva anestesiologica
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Heparin-induced thrombosis with a normal platelet count
Clinical TrialsAlvarez et al. (2007) — Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Effects of Bivalirudin and Unfractionated Heparin on Liver and Renal Function in Chinese Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Coronary Angiography with/without Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Drug DevelopmentJia et al. (2021) — Journal of clinical and translational hepatology
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Association Between Argatroban and Outcomes of Branch Atheromatous Disease: A Propensity-Matched Analysis From MRI-Based Study
Drug DevelopmentLi et al. (2025) — CNS neuroscience & therapeutics
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Safety and efficacy of argatroban combined with antiplatelet therapy for acute mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke with large artery atherosclerosis
Drug DevelopmentYan et al. (2025) — Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Delayed-onset eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia
Clinical TrialsHuffman et al. (2024) — American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Clinical impact of kidney function in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving oral anticoagulants
Clinical TrialsMatsuoka et al. (2025) — International journal of cardiology
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Renal outcomes following oral anticoagulation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A multicentre, propensity-matched retrospective analysis in an Asian population
Clinical TrialsKoh et al. (2025) — Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Effectiveness and Safety in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Who Switched from Warfarin to Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Medicare Population
Clinical TrialsAtreja et al. (2025) — Advances in therapy
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Population pharmacokinetics of unfractionated heparin and multivariable analysis of activated clotting time in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation
Drug DevelopmentKonecki et al. (2024) — Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Bleeding Associated With Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Using Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Nationwide Population Cohort Study
Clinical TrialsWu et al. (2024) — Journal of the American Heart Association
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Different Anticoagulants in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Clinical TrialsWaseem et al. (2026) — Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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PROS1 (Cys228Tyr) missense mutation associated with mesenteric and pulmonary venous thromboembolism during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report
Clinical TrialsHuang et al. (2025) — Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Comparison of VTE prophylaxis agents on hemoglobin levels after total knee arthroplasty: a hospital information system-based observational study
Safety & Infection ControlYuan et al. (2025) — Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research
Peer-reviewed safety and infection-control research relevant to leech therapy and microsurgical wound management. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis Secondary to Gastric Cancer: A Case Report
Clinical TrialsTakano et al. (2026) — Cureus
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis: The evolution of anticoagulant choice and clinical insights into practical management
Clinical TrialsRiess et al. (2021) — Critical reviews in oncology/hematology
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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An update on the efficacy and safety of novel anticoagulants for cancer associated thrombosis
Clinical TrialsCosmi (2021) — Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Efficacy and safety of Xa inhibitors for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism
Drug DevelopmentKimpton et al. (2019) — Expert opinion on drug safety
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Peak and Trough Concentration Ranges of Factor Xa Inhibitors for Preventing Thromboembolic Stroke in Korean Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation
Drug DevelopmentPark et al. (2026) — Annals of laboratory medicine
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Real-world evidence comparing oral anticoagulants for NVAF in Europe: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Clinical TrialsCichewicz et al. (2025) — Future cardiology
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Edoxaban-Induced Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome: A Case Report With Review of the Literature
Drug DevelopmentBorgonovo et al. (2024) — Cureus
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Optimizing warfarin dosing for patients with atrial fibrillation using machine learning
Drug DevelopmentPetch et al. (2024) — Scientific reports
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Leech-borne Serratia marcescens infection following complex hand injury.
Safety & Infection ControlPereira et al. (1998) — British journal of plastic surgery
Leeches are commonly used in the postoperative course of plastic surgical operations where there is venous congestion in a pedicled or free flap. They provide a temporary relief to venous engorgement whilst venous drainage is re-established.
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Suggest a paper for review
Know of a significant publication relevant to hirudotherapy? We welcome suggestions for our research library.
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