American Society of Hirudotherapy

Leech therapy: a history

Historical review published in Journal of the history of dentistry (2005)

Last Updated: November 1, 2026Reviewed by: ASH Editorial Board
Research article — evidence reviewArticle reference
Evidence: Research reportDrug DevelopmentClinical LiteratureHyson J · Journal of the history of dentistry, 2005

Abstract

Bloodletting is an ancient procedure that was utilized for curing the ills of man. This article traces the use of leeches for bloodletting therapy from ancient Greek times to the Chapin Harris era in the 1840s to modern day usage by plastic surgeons. The leech is described as both a parasite and a therapeutic agent. The techniques used by both medicine and dentistry are historically documented.

Abstract sourced from PubMed (NCBI) for the cited record. See the original publication for the authoritative version.

Publication typeHistorical ArticleJournal Article
Indexed MeSH termsEuropeGreeceHistory of DentistryHistory of MedicineHistory, 16th CenturyHistory, 18th CenturyHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, AncientLeechingRussiaUnited States

Summary

This historical review traces leech-based bloodletting from ancient Greece through the Chapin Harris era of the 1840s to modern use by plastic surgeons, documenting techniques from both medicine and dentistry and the leech as parasite and therapeutic agent.

Why This Matters for Hirudotherapy

This historical article traces the use of leeches for bloodletting therapy from ancient Greek times through the Chapin Harris era of the 1840s to modern-day usage by plastic surgeons, documenting techniques employed in both medicine and dentistry and describing the leech as both parasite and therapeutic agent. The article provides historical context for hirudotherapy, documenting the leech as a therapeutic agent from antiquity through to contemporary practice. As a historical article, it offers narrative documentation rather than original data, quantitative outcomes, or clinical evidence; its scope is limited to the specific periods and settings identified in the abstract and does not address mechanisms, efficacy, or safety of leech therapy.

Citation

Reference (Vancouver style)

Hyson JM. Leech therapy: a history. J Hist Dent. 2005;53(1):25-27. PMID: 15926663

Bibliographic details (authors, volume, pages, DOI) are taken from the PubMed record.

Added to ASH library: March 18, 2026 · Site last updated: November 1, 2026

This website provides educational information and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Medicinal leech therapy carries clinically meaningful risks and should be performed only by qualified clinicians under institutionally approved protocols. FDA 510(k) clearance for medicinal leeches is limited to specific indications; investigational and off-label discussions are labeled accordingly. For patient-specific guidance, consult a qualified healthcare provider.