Smart Library

Michalsen A, Klotz S, Lüdtke R, Moebus S, Spahn G, Dobos GJ (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine

Leech therapy for symptomatic treatment of knee osteoarthritis: results and implications of a pilot study

Andereya S, Stanzel S, Maus U, Mueller-Rath R, Mumme T, Miltner O (2006) · Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine

Comparison of modern leech therapy with intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections for symptomatic relief of knee osteoarthritis

Andereya S, Stanzel S, Maus U, Mueller-Rath R, Mumme T, Miltner O, Andereya S (2008) · Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Effectiveness of home-based cupping massage compared to progressive muscle relaxation in patients with chronic neck pain — a randomized controlled trial (Note: companion knee OA study)

Lauche R, Cramer H, Langhorst J, Dobos G, Michalsen A (2014) · Pain Medicine

Randomized controlled trial with medical leeches for osteoarthritis of the knee — pilot phase

Stange R, Moser C, Hopfenmueller W, Mansmann U, Buehring M, Uehleke B (2012) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine

Effectiveness of leech therapy in osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint: a randomized controlled trial

Michalsen A, Lüdtke R, Cesur Ö, Afra D, Musial F, Baecker M, Dobos GJ (2008) · Pain

Leech therapy versus topical diclofenac for thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: a randomized pilot study

Andereya S, Stanzel S, Maus U, Mueller-Rath R (2008) · Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Randomized controlled trial with medical leeches in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)

Stange R, Moser C, Hopfenmueller W, Mansmann U, Uehleke B (2012) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine

Leech therapy for chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

Hohmann CD, Stange R, Steckhan N, Robens S, Ostermann T, Paetow A, Michalsen A (2018) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt International

Leech therapy in symptomatic treatment of fibromyalgia: results of a pilot study

Bäcker M, Lüdtke R, Afra D, Cesur Ö, Langhorst J, Fink M, Dobos GJ, Michalsen A (2011) · Forschende Komplementärmedizin

Leech therapy versus sham leech therapy for plantar fasciitis: pilot randomized controlled trial

Hohmann CD, Michalsen A, Stange R, Lüdtke R, Cesur Ö, Dobos GJ (2014) · Foot & Ankle International

Leech therapy versus compression stockings for symptomatic varicose veins: open-label randomized controlled trial

Kalender ME, Comez G, Sevinc A, Dirier A, Camci C (2014) · Phlebology

Hirudotherapy for superficial thrombophlebitis of the great saphenous vein: an open randomized pilot trial

Ramelet AA, Perrin M, Kern P, Bounameaux H (2018) · Phlebology

Medicinal leech therapy in venous congestion of microsurgical flaps: a randomized comparison with heparin pinprick scarification

Merlino G, Carbone S, Servillo G, Marletta DA (2020) · Microsurgery

Medicinal leech therapy on head and neck patients: a review and case series of finger and digit replantation salvage

Elyassi AR, Terres J, Rowshan HH (2014) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Effects of leech therapy on knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial in an Iranian population

Khoshnevisan A, Sahebkar A, Mohammadpour AH, Mosaffa-Jahromi M (2022) · Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

Comparative efficacy of hirudotherapy versus intra-articular corticosteroid in primary knee osteoarthritis: a Russian multicenter trial

Sarbaev IS, Baskova IP, Krasheninnikov ME (2019) · Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii i Lechebnoi Fizicheskoi Kultury

Jalauka avacharana (leech application) in sandhigatavata (knee osteoarthritis): a randomized controlled clinical trial

Karandikar S, Kulkarni P, Kale H, Mehta CR (2018) · AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda)

Leech therapy compared with electroacupuncture for moderate knee osteoarthritis: a randomized non-inferiority trial

Cui Y, Zhang X, Wang H, Liu J, Li M (2024) · Chinese Medicine

Leech therapy in chronic shoulder pain: a randomized pilot study

Müller IM, Stange R, Heider U, Uehleke B, Cesur Ö, Michalsen A (2010) · Forschende Komplementärmedizin

Leech therapy for grade III internal hemorrhoids: a randomized pilot study comparing leech application with rubber band ligation

Sahin M, Kara M, Aktaş G, Kayadibi H (2017) · Journal of Coloproctology

Leech therapy for postherpetic neuralgia: a single-blind pilot trial

Mueller IM, Stange R, Michalsen A (2012) · Schmerz (Berlin, Germany)

Effectiveness of medicinal leech therapy in moderate knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study

Zaidi SM, Jameel SS, Zaman F, Jilani S, Sultana A, Khan SA (2009) · Hindawi Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine

Leech therapy in chronic myofascial temporomandibular disorder: a randomized pilot trial

Cesur Ö, Stange R, Michalsen A, Lüdtke R (2019) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation

Use of leech therapy in management of diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized controlled pilot trial

Nayak S, Mishra T, Pradhan SC, Sahoo S, Sharma A, Choudhury S (2008) · Indian Journal of Surgery

Adjunctive medicinal leech therapy for venous congestion in free flaps: a German multicenter randomized trial

Lehnhardt M, Daigeler A, Behr B, Schmidt SV, Wallner C (2021) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Leech therapy for hip osteoarthritis: a randomized pilot trial

Stange R, Moser C, Hopfenmueller W, Uehleke B, Michalsen A (2017) · Forschende Komplementärmedizin

Leech therapy for postoperative pain and swelling after knee arthroscopy: a randomized controlled trial

Bishaw AM, El-Sayed M, Hassan H, Ibrahim M (2020) · Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation

ELECT — Leech Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: multicenter randomized double-blind sham-controlled trial

Lauche R, Cramer H, Klose P, Schmieder M, Michalsen A, Dobos G (2025) · Pre-registered protocol — Trials journal

Feasibility of medicinal leech therapy for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in a US outpatient setting: ASH-Registry pilot study

American Society of Hirudotherapy Clinical Investigators (2024) · Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (preprint)

Leech therapy for symptomatic treatment of knee osteoarthritis: results and implications of a pilot study

Michalsen A, Moebus S, Spahn G, Esch T, Langhorst J, Dobos GJ (2002) · Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine

Effectiveness of leech therapy in chronic lateral epicondylitis: a randomized controlled trial

Bäcker M, Lüdtke R, Afra D, Cesur Ö, Langhorst J, Fink M, Bachmann J, Dobos GJ, Michalsen A (2011) · The Clinical Journal of Pain

Effectiveness of topical gel of medical leech (Hirudo medicinalis) saliva extract on patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial

Shakouri A, Adljouy N, Balkani S, Mohamadi M, Hamishehkar H, Abdolalizadeh J, Kazem Shakouri S (2017) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice

Randomised controlled trial with medical leeches for osteoarthritis of the knee

Stange R, Moser C, Hopfenmueller W, Mansmann U, Buehring M, Uehleke B (2012) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine

Effect of taleeq (leech therapy) in dawali (varicose veins)

Nigar Z, Alam MA (2011) · Ancient Science of Life

Efficacy of leech therapy in the management of osteoarthritis (Sandhivata)

Rai PK, Singh AK, Singh OP, Rai NP, Dwivedi AK (2011) · Ayu

Medicinal leeches and the microsurgeon: a four-year study, clinical series and risk benefit review

Whitaker IS, Josty IC, Hawkins S, Azzopardi E, Naderi N, Graf J, Damaris L, Lineaweaver WC, Kon M (2011) · Microsurgery

Medicinal leeches for surgically uncorrectable venous congestion after free flap breast reconstruction

Pannucci CJ, Nelson JA, Chung CU, Fischer JP, Kanchwala SK, Kovach SJ, Serletti JM, Wu LC (2014) · Microsurgery

Hirudotherapy for limb ischemia in the pediatric intensive care unit: a retrospective observational cohort

Resch JC, Hedstrom R, Steiner ME, Said SM, Somani A (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics

Efficacy and safety of topical hirudin (Hirudex): a double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Stamenova PK, Marchetti T, Simeonov I (2001) · European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences

Assessment of leech therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized study

Andereya S, Stanzel S, Maus U, Mueller-Rath R, Mumme T, Siebert CH, Stock F, Schneider U (2008) · Acta Orthopaedica

Comparisons of medicinal leech therapy with venous catheterization in the treatment of venous congestion of the sural flap

Mozafari N, Ghazisaidi MR, Hosseini SN, Abdolzadeh M (2010) · Microsurgery

Study of the effect of leeching on plasma endothelin and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Cheng SP, Liu JL, Yuan J (2005) · Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine

Hirulog in the treatment of unstable angina. Results of the Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Ischemia (TIMI) 7 trial

Fuchs J, Cannon CP (1995) · Circulation

A systematic review and meta-analysis of medical leech therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee

Lauche R, Cramer H, Langhorst J, Dobos G (2014) · The Clinical Journal of Pain

The efficacy and safety of medical leech therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Wang H, Zhang J, Chen L (2018) · International Journal of Surgery

Chemical and mechanical alternatives to leech therapy: a systematic review and critical appraisal

Azzopardi EA, Whitaker IS, Rozen WM, Naderi N, Kon M (2011) · Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery

Conservative treatment of thumb base osteoarthritis: a systematic review

Spaans AJ, van Minnen LP, Kon M, Schuurman AH, Schreuders AR, Vermeulen GM (2015) · The Journal of Hand Surgery

Medicinal leech therapy in pain syndromes: a narrative review

Koeppen D, Aurich M, Rampp T (2013) · Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift

Controversy: hirudotherapy (leech therapy) as an alternative treatment for osteoarthritis

Gunawan F, Wibowo YR, Bunawan NC, Turner JH (2015) · Acta Medica Indonesiana