Smart Library

Off-label adjunct to compression therapy with case-series evidence for accelerated healing in compression-resistant venous ulcers.

Off-label use with case-series evidence for symptomatic relief of leg pain, heaviness, and ulceration in PTS following deep vein thrombosis.

Investigational use with case-series evidence for reduction of migraine frequency and intensity; mechanism plausible via reduction of cervico-cranial venous congestion.

Investigational adjunctive use; mechanism includes mild diuresis from blood-volume removal and hirudin-mediated vascular endothelial effects. Not a substitute for pharmacotherapy.

Investigational use for symptomatic relief of varicose tributary discomfort and inflammation; does not eliminate underlying venous reflux.

Investigational adjunctive use for non-suppurative lactational mastitis; case-series evidence for resolution of induration and reduced antibiotic days.

Investigational use for non-discogenic sciatica including piriformis syndrome; case-series evidence for pain reduction.

Investigational use for stable keloid and hypertrophic scars; case-series evidence for softening and flattening.

Investigational adjunctive use following breast cancer treatment with axillary node dissection; case-series evidence for arm volume reduction.

Investigational use for mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome; small RCT evidence suggests short-term symptom relief comparable to wrist splinting.

Investigational adjunct for refractory vestibular migraine; migraine prophylaxis (propranolol, topiramate, amitriptyline) and vestibular rehabilitation remain primary.

Andereya S, Stanzel S, Maus U, Mueller-Rath R, Mumme T, Miltner O (2006) · Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine

Stange R, Moser C, Hopfenmueller W, Mansmann U, Buehring M, Uehleke B (2012) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine

Michalsen A, Lüdtke R, Cesur Ö, Afra D, Musial F, Baecker M, Dobos GJ (2008) · Pain

Andereya S, Stanzel S, Maus U, Mueller-Rath R (2008) · Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Stange R, Moser C, Hopfenmueller W, Mansmann U, Uehleke B (2012) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine

Hohmann CD, Stange R, Steckhan N, Robens S, Ostermann T, Paetow A, Michalsen A (2018) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt International

Kalender ME, Comez G, Sevinc A, Dirier A, Camci C (2014) · Phlebology

Ramelet AA, Perrin M, Kern P, Bounameaux H (2018) · Phlebology

Elyassi AR, Terres J, Rowshan HH (2014) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Khoshnevisan A, Sahebkar A, Mohammadpour AH, Mosaffa-Jahromi M (2022) · Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

Müller IM, Stange R, Heider U, Uehleke B, Cesur Ö, Michalsen A (2010) · Forschende Komplementärmedizin

Mueller IM, Stange R, Michalsen A (2012) · Schmerz (Berlin, Germany)

Cesur Ö, Stange R, Michalsen A, Lüdtke R (2019) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation

Bishaw AM, El-Sayed M, Hassan H, Ibrahim M (2020) · Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation

Bäcker M, Lüdtke R, Afra D, Cesur Ö, Langhorst J, Fink M, Bachmann J, Dobos GJ, Michalsen A (2011) · The Clinical Journal of Pain

Stange R, Moser C, Hopfenmueller W, Mansmann U, Buehring M, Uehleke B (2012) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine

Whitaker IS, Josty IC, Hawkins S, Azzopardi E, Naderi N, Graf J, Damaris L, Lineaweaver WC, Kon M (2011) · Microsurgery

Stamenova PK, Marchetti T, Simeonov I (2001) · European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences

Mozafari N, Ghazisaidi MR, Hosseini SN, Abdolzadeh M (2010) · Microsurgery

Azzopardi EA, Whitaker IS, Rozen WM, Naderi N, Kon M (2011) · Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery

Spaans AJ, van Minnen LP, Kon M, Schuurman AH, Schreuders AR, Vermeulen GM (2015) · The Journal of Hand Surgery

Kameda Y, Motomiya M, Watanabe N, Ota M, Iwasaki N (2025) · JPRAS Open

Buntic RF, Brooks D (2010) · The Journal of Hand Surgery

Rothenberger J, Petersen W, Schaller HE, Held M (2016) · Wound Repair and Regeneration

Isik M, Ugur M, Yakisan RS, Sari T, Yilmaz N (2017) · Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie

Abtahi-Forooshani MS, Roozbehani S, Fatemi M, Noori A (2026) · Health Science Reports

Kruer RM, Barton CA, Roberti G, Gilbert B, McMillian WD (2014) · Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery

Kucur C, Durmus K, Uysal IO, Old M, Agrawal A, Arshad H, Teknos TN, Ozer E (2015) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology

Troeltzsch M, Troeltzsch M, Probst FA, Ristow O, Ehrenfeld M, Otto S (2016) · International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Arami A, Gurevitz S, Palti R, Menachem S, Berelowitz M, Yaffe B (2018) · Journal of Hand Surgery (American Volume)

Secanho MS, Rajaram R, de Menezes Neto BF, Cavale N, Ng SK, Neto AAP (2024) · ANZ Journal of Surgery

Karasartova D, Arslan-Akveran G, Sensoz S, Mumcuoglu KY, Taylan-Ozkan A (2025) · Microorganisms

Bilden A, Kocak S, Yildiz HT, Cakir F, Kahraman M, Cicek M (2026) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Unal K, Samur B, Sharif A, Ibrahimkhanli L, Yumusak N (2026) · Journal of Complementary & Integrative Medicine

Chabridon AI, Coquerel-Beghin D, Leger M, Baamir A, Bazeli A, Auquit-Auckbur I (2026) · Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation

Brauer PR, Saadah M, Fritz MA, Wu SS, Lamarre ED (2024) · American Journal of Otolaryngology

Hosseini M, Jadidi A, Derakhshan Barjoei MM, Salehi M (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine

Rajaram R, Cevik J, Bhindi N, Seth I, Rozen WM (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine

Bergh A, Lund I, Boström A, Hyytiäinen H, Asplund K (2021) · Animals

Zhang Y, Zou Z, Xu B, Chen B, Ge H, Ding S, Pu J (2024) · Pharmaceuticals

Wang ZD, Chen YX, Liu M, Li P, Liang XW, Zhu XZ, Xie WC, Liao W (2022) · Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis

Bishop JL, Vasudev M, Garcia N, Heslop G, Pham TT, Hicks MD, Chowdhury F, Grayson JW, Goddard JA, Tjoa T, Haidar Y, Thomas CM (2023) · Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery (American Academy of Otolaryngology)

McMichael A, Weller J, Li X, Hatton L, Zia A, Raman L (2024) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine

Trigonis R, Smith N, Porter S, Anderson E, Jennings M, Kapoor R, Hage C, Moiz S, Garcia J, Rahman O (2021) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia

Huang D, Guan Q, Qin J, Shan R, Wu J, Zhang C (2022) · Perfusion

Valdes CA, Sharaf OM, Bleiweis MS, Jacobs JP, Mumtaz M, Sharaf RM, Jeng EI, Peek GJ (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine

Hasegawa D, Sato R, Prasitlumkum N, Nishida K, Keaton B, Acquah SO, Im Lee Y (2022) · ASAIO Journal

Wieruszewski PM, Macielak SA, Nei SD, Moman RN, Seelhammer TG, Nabzdyk CGS, Gerberi DJ, Mara KC, Hooten WM, Wittwer ED (2022) · ASAIO Journal

Hamzah M, Seelhammer TG, Beshish AG, Byrnes J, Yabrodi M, Szadkowski A, Lutfi R, Andrijasevic N, Hock K, Worley S, Macrae DJ (2023) · Thrombosis Research

Li DH, Sun MW, Zhang JC, Zhang C, Deng L, Jiang H (2021) · Thrombosis Research