American Society of Hirudotherapy

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This library indexes the full evidence base. For orientation, begin with the core guides:

RCTs

33

Leech Me Alone! Atraumatic Hemarthrosis after Hirudotherapy

GRADE very low

Curcio J, Lloyd CM (2020) · Cureus

Case report

Hirudotherapy (medicinal leeches) for treatment of upper airway obstruction in a dog

GRADE very low

Trenholme HN, Masseau I, Reinero CR (2021) · Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care

Case report

Leech (Hirudo medicinalis) Therapy for the Treatment of Nipple-Areolar Complex Congestion Following Breast Reduction

GRADE very low

Freeman M, Carney M, Matatov T, Vemula R, Babycos C (2015) · Eplasty

Case report

Compromised breast flap treated with leech therapy, hyperbaric oxygen, pentoxifylline and topical nitroglycerin: A case report

GRADE very low

Moffat AD, Weaver LK, Tettelbach WH (2015) · Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine

Case report

Infection following Leech Therapy for the Treatment of Nipple-Areola Complex Congestion after Breast Reduction: A Case Report

GRADE very low

Torresetti M, Peltristo B, Taddei FMJ, Di Benedetto G (2024) · Archives of Plastic Surgery

Case report

Medicinal Leech Therapy in Acute Herpes Zoster Condition- A Case Report

GRADE very low

Itankar PB, Sawarkar GR, Chakole DA (2025) · Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences

Case report

Diabetic foot ulcer with osteomyelitis, successfully treated with the holistic approach of multiple ayurvedic treatment modalities - A case report

GRADE very low

Bopparathi S, K V NR (2023) · International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

Case report

Leeching as Salvage Venous Drainage in Ear Reconstruction: Clinical Case and Review of Literature

GRADE very low

Facchin F, Lancerotto L, Arnez ZM, Bassetto F, Vindigni V (2018) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery — Global Open

Case report

Arterial only anastomosis associated with modified Baudet technique in ear replantation: Case reports and literature review

GRADE very low

Pertea M, Ciobanu P, Poroch V, Velenciuc N, Lunca S, Anghelina F, Palade DO (2021) · Medicine (Baltimore)

Case report

Leech-bite induced anaphylaxis with or without Hymenoptera venom sensitization

GRADE very low

Wanandy T, Bradley I, Tovar Lopez CD, Cotton BTB, Handley SA, Mulcahy EM, Adriana Le TT, Lau WY (2024) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Case report

Time to Reconsidering the Potential Role of Leech Salivary Proteins in Medicine: Type-II Kounis Syndrome Triggered by Leech Bite

GRADE very low

Tas S, Yildiz BS, Ersin A, Tas U (2025) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences

Case report

Mystical Effect of Leech Therapy an Alternative Ayurvedic Intervention in Thrombophlebitis: A Case Report

GRADE very low

Dagar M, Asutkar S, Gautam A (2025) · Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine

Case report

Effective Management of Venous Ulcer with Leech Therapy: A Case Report

GRADE very low

Wani KR, Shah HA, Ashraf A, Nazir A, Mehraj M, Ansari AN, Nayab M (2025) · Advances in Mind-Body Medicine

Case report

Total lower lip and chin replantation following a trampoline accident: Rescue surgery with intensive leech therapy

GRADE very low

Sounthakith V, Schweitzer-Chaput A, Picard A, Prebot J, Galland A, Neiva-Vaz C, Khonsari RH (2026) · Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Case report

A Disaster and Salvage Revisited: Chest Wall Reconstruction (5-Rib Defect) With Gore-Tex, TRAM Flap, and Salvage With Leeches

GRADE very low

Gatti JE (2026) · Annals of Plastic Surgery

Case report

Salvage of pedicled anterolateral thigh flap for closure of a massive full-thickness abdominal wall defect using modified Perez protocol for chemical leeching

GRADE very low

Babalola OF, Udensi R (2026) · Journal of Surgical Case Reports

Case report

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential: Ta'līq al-'Alaq (Leech Therapy) for Qarha Khabītha (Non-Healing Ulcer): A Case Study

GRADE very low

Begum S, Fareed R, Shoaib M, Sultana A (2025) · Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine

Case report

Healing with integrative management of Diabetic foot ulcer — A case report

GRADE very low

Katkar R, Aadithyaraj KT, Rana U (2025) · Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine

Case report

Early venous congestion after DIEP flap breast reconstruction: case report of a successful management

GRADE very low

Baccarani A, Starnoni M, Pappalardo M, Lattanzi M, Blessent CGF, De Maria F, De Santis G (2022) · Acta Biomedica

Case report

Complete penile amputation during ritual neonatal circumcision and successful replantation using postoperative leech therapy

GRADE very low

Banihani OI, Fox JA, Gander BH, Grunwaldt LJ, Cannon GM (2014) · Urology

Case report

Leeches and Caudal Analgesia After Replantation for Glans Amputation During Neonatal Circumcision

GRADE very low

Mousa A, Keefe DT, Wong K, Davidge K, Lorenzo AJ, Dos Santos J (2022) · Urology

Case report

Artery-Only Ear Replantation in a Child: A Case Report With Daily Photographic Documentation

GRADE very low

Mendenhall SD, Sawyer JD, Adkinson JM (2016) · Eplasty

Case report

Using an unconventional perfusion pattern in ear replantation-arterialization of the venous system

GRADE very low

Momeni A, Parrett BM, Kuri M (2014) · Microsurgery

Case report

Microvascular salvage of a thrombosed total ear replant

GRADE very low

Senchenkov A, Jacobson SR (2013) · Microsurgery

Case report

Atypical replantation and reconstruction of frozen ear: A case report

GRADE very low

Dvořák Z, Stupka I (2020) · Medicine (Baltimore)

Case report

Partial salvage of avulsed tissue after dog bite

GRADE very low

Øregaard JS, Lang CL, Venzo A (2015) · Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England

Case report

Infections following the application of leeches: two case reports and review of the literature

GRADE very low

Maetz B, Abbou R, Andreoletti JB, Bruant-Rodier C (2012) · Journal of Medical Case Reports

Case report

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Aeromonas infection following leech therapy for digit replantation: report of 2 cases

GRADE very low

van Alphen NA, Gonzalez A, McKenna MC, McKenna TK, Carlsen BT, Moran SL (2014) · Journal of Hand Surgery

Case report

Flap infection associated with medicinal leeches in reconstructive surgery: two new drug-resistant organisms

GRADE very low

Bibbo C, Fritsche T, Stemper M, Hall M (2013) · Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery

Case report

Leech Therapy for Treating Priapism: Case Report

GRADE very low

Asgari SA, Rostami S, Teimoori M (2017) · Iranian Journal of Public Health

Case report

Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia Due to Hirudotherapy: A Case Report

GRADE very low

Akalın Ç, Ekmen N (2020) · Cureus

Case report

Managing Scalp Psoriasis Through Ayurvedic Therapies: A Case Report

GRADE very low

Nagpure D, Asutkar S, Yadav P, Patil S (2025) · Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine

Case report

Destructive Mold Osteomyelitis of the Wrist Caused by Scedosporium - A Case Report

GRADE very low

Bo C, Conen A, Giacalone M, Marti R, Grobholz R, Seeger H, Klein HJ, Plock JA, Frueh FS (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine

Case report

This website provides educational information and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Medicinal leech therapy carries clinically meaningful risks and should be performed only by qualified clinicians under institutionally approved protocols. FDA 510(k) clearance for medicinal leeches is limited to specific indications; investigational and off-label discussions are labeled accordingly. For patient-specific guidance, consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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