American Society of Hirudotherapy

Bivalirudin in peripheral interventions

Research article published in Techniques in vascular and interventional radiology (2006)

Last Updated: June 18, 2026Reviewed by: ASH Editorial Board
Research article — evidence reviewArticle reference
Evidence: Narrative reviewDrug DevelopmentMaclean et al. · Techniques in vascular and interventional radiology, 2006

Abstract

The discovery of heparin and its eventual incorporation into many therapeutic and diagnostic procedures has made this agent ubiquitous in the fields of cardiac and vascular medicine. Heparin however does have a significant complication and side-effect profile that includes both bleeding as well as vessel thrombosis through the development of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. The recent addition of direct thrombin inhibitors, for example, bivalirudin, to the anticoagulation armaterium has produced favorable outcomes. Most of the experience with bivalirudin has been in coronary interventions and only recently have more interventionalists been turning to this agent as the sole anticoagulant for peripheral interventions even in patients who could tolerate heparin. In this review, we describe our experience with bivalirudin in peripheral interventions emphasizing how we dose and monitor this drug. In addition, this article discusses the findings in existing clinical trials involving bivalirudin.

Abstract sourced from PubMed (NCBI) for the cited record. See the original publication for the authoritative version.

Publication typeJournal ArticleReview
Indexed MeSH termsAnticoagulantsHirudinsHumansPeptide FragmentsRadiology, InterventionalRecombinant Proteins

Summary

Peer-reviewed research on anticoagulant and antithrombotic drug development relevant to thrombin and factor inhibition. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.

Why This Matters for Hirudotherapy

This narrative review discusses the direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin as an anticoagulant for peripheral vascular interventions, describing the authors' dosing and monitoring approach and summarizing existing clinical-trial findings, framed against heparin's well-known bleeding risk and its capacity to cause heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. It is relevant to the ASH evidence base because bivalirudin is a synthetic peptide directly modeled on hirudin, the anticoagulant protein from the medicinal leech's saliva, making it a concrete example of leech-secretome biology translated into an approved, monitorable drug used when heparin is unsuitable. The caveat is that this is a review and partly an account of the authors' own practice rather than primary or comparative data; it synthesizes and interprets other studies, so its dosing recommendations and favorable framing should be read as expert summary, not as new trial evidence, and it concerns the hirudin-derived drug rather than leech therapy itself.

Citation

Bivalirudin in peripheral interventions.

Maclean et al. · Techniques in vascular and interventional radiology, 2006

Added to ASH library: May 28, 2026 · Site last updated: June 18, 2026

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