American Society of Hirudotherapy

Bivalirudin

Synthetic 20-amino-acid hirudin analog — FDA-approved direct thrombin inhibitor for PCI anticoagulation ($636M peak revenue).

Studied off-labelLast updated: 2026-05-26 · Reviewed by ASH Editorial Board
Molecular weight of Bivalirudin compared with other characterized leech-derived compoundsHementerin80 kDaHementin80 kDaHementin-Like Protein (HLP-1)80 kDaLeech Collagenase70 kDaHaemadipsa yanyuanensis Progr…70 kDaLeech Apyrase67 kDaCalin65 kDaHyaluronidase60 kDaAntithrombin III binding prot…58 kDaCollagenolytic Fibrinolysin55 kDaLeech Thrombospondin-Like Pro…50 kDaBivalirudin2.2 kDa
Molecular weight (kilodaltons) of Bivalirudin (highlighted) alongside other characterized leech salivary compounds. Smaller proteins/peptides generally diffuse and act faster.

Mechanistic Evidence Box

Studied off-label
Page type
Compound profile
Evidence type
Synthetic 20-amino-acid hirudin analog — FDA-approved direct thrombin inhibitor for PCI anticoagulation ($636M peak revenue).
Evidence level
FDA-cleared regulatory context
Drug vs leech
Synthetic analog
Safety domains
Bleeding

Clinical translation limit

Bivalirudin is an FDA-approved synthetic 20-amino-acid analog derived from hirudin's active sequence. Its clinical use in PCI and HIT is supported by its own RCT evidence base (HORIZONS-AMI, etc.); this evidence does NOT extend to claims about whole medicinal-leech therapy. The drug is chemically distinct from natural hirudin and from whole-leech secretion.

Molecular Profile

Category
Anticoagulant
Evidence tier
Tier A — FDA-approved derivative
Molecular weight
2,180 Da
Source species
Synthetic (hirudin-derived)
Discovered
1990 · John Maraganore (The Medicines Company / Biogen)
PubChem CID
16129704
PDB structures
8EF41ABI
Derived FDA-approved drug
Angiomax / Angiox (FDA approved Dec 2000)
Bivalirudin molecular structure

Biological Targets

  • thrombin (Factor IIa)

Key Citations

  1. Maraganore JM et al. (1990), Biochemistry · PMID 2223763
  2. Stone GW et al. (HORIZONS-AMI) (2008), N Engl J Med · PMID 18499566

Related Anticoagulant Compounds

This website provides educational information and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Medicinal leech therapy carries clinically meaningful risks and should be performed only by qualified clinicians under institutionally approved protocols. FDA 510(k) clearance for medicinal leeches is limited to specific indications; investigational and off-label discussions are labeled accordingly. For patient-specific guidance, consult a qualified healthcare provider.