American Society of Hirudotherapy

Treatment Protocol for Compromised Nasal Skin

Review article published in Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America (2019)

Last Updated: November 1, 2026Reviewed by: ASH Editorial Board
Research article — evidence reviewArticle reference
Evidence: Narrative reviewClinical LiteratureKerolus J, Nassif P · Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America, 2019

Abstract

As the number of patients seeking surgical and nonsurgical rhinoplasty continues to increase, the risk of nasal skin compromise after surgery also has risen. Vascular insult to the nasal skin envelope can lead to permanent disfigurement that is nearly impossible to correct. Tissue loss often requires major reconstruction that yields suboptimal cosmetic results. This article discusses prevention, early recognition, and effective treatment that aim to mitigate skin necrosis and the resulting soft tissue destruction.

Abstract sourced from PubMed (NCBI) for the cited record. See the original publication for the authoritative version.

Publication typeJournal ArticleReview
Indexed MeSH termsAdministration, CutaneousAnti-Bacterial AgentsHumansHyperbaric OxygenationLeechingNecrosisNitroglycerinNosePostoperative ComplicationsRhinoplastyRisk FactorsSkinVasodilator Agents

Summary

This article reviews prevention, early recognition and treatment of nasal skin necrosis after surgical or nonsurgical rhinoplasty, aiming to mitigate skin necrosis and soft-tissue destruction that can cause permanent disfigurement.

Context

This review addresses prevention, early recognition, and treatment of nasal skin compromise after surgical and nonsurgical rhinoplasty, a complication involving vascular insult that can result in permanent disfigurement and suboptimal reconstructive outcomes. The abstract makes no mention of leeching, leech-derived agents, or hirudotherapy in any capacity.

Citation

Reference (Vancouver style)

Kerolus JL, Nassif PS. Treatment Protocol for Compromised Nasal Skin. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2019;27(4):505-511. doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2019.07.007. PMID: 31587769

Bibliographic details (authors, volume, pages, DOI) are taken from the PubMed record.

DOIPubMed

Added to ASH library: March 18, 2026 · Site last updated: November 1, 2026

This website provides educational information and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Medicinal leech therapy carries clinically meaningful risks and should be performed only by qualified clinicians under institutionally approved protocols. FDA 510(k) clearance for medicinal leeches is limited to specific indications; investigational and off-label discussions are labeled accordingly. For patient-specific guidance, consult a qualified healthcare provider.