American Society of Hirudotherapy

Scientometric analysis of medicinal leech therapy

Research article published in Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine (2020)

Last Updated: June 18, 2026Reviewed by: ASH Editorial Board
Research article — evidence reviewArticle reference
Evidence: Research reportClinical TrialsŞenel E, Taylan Özkan A, Mumcuoglu K · Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine, 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hirudotherapy, also known as medicinal leech therapy, has been used to treat a wide range of disorders for thousands of years since Ancient Egypt. Leech therapy is also mentioned as a minimal invasive technique called Jalaukavacharana in the Sushruta Samhita, an ancient Sanskrit text of Ayurvedic medicine. Although hirudotherapy has become a popular component of complementary medicine in the last decade, scientometric studies investigating the articles published in this field, do not exist. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to perform a detailed scientometric analysis of hirudotherapy literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected data by using four databases provided by Web of Science using the keywords "hirudotherapy", "leech therapy", "medicinal leech" and "medicinal leech therapy". RESULTS: A total of 834 articles were found of which 89.8% were original articles. USA was the leading country with 280 publications, followed by UK, Germany and France (128, 101 and 41 items, respectively). The most productive countries regarding hirudotherapy were the UK (1.93), Slovenia (1.44), and Israel (1.32). The peak publication year for hirudotherapy literature was 2011 with 41 papers. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, our study was the first bibliometric and scientometric analysis in this field and we believe that multicenter studies and further searches from developing and least-developed countries are needed in hirudotherapy literature.

Abstract sourced from PubMed (NCBI) for the cited record. See the original publication for the authoritative version.

Publication typeJournal Article

Summary

Hirudotherapy, also known as medicinal leech therapy, has been used to treat a wide range of disorders for thousands of years since Ancient Egypt. Leech therapy is also mentioned as a minimal invasive technique called Jalaukavacharana in the Sushruta Samhita, an ancient Sanskrit text of Ayurvedic medicine.

Why This Matters for Hirudotherapy

This study conducted what the authors describe as the first scientometric analysis of the hirudotherapy literature, collecting data from four Web of Science databases using keywords such as "hirudotherapy," "leech therapy," and "medicinal leech," identifying 834 articles with the USA leading in total publications (280) and peak output occurring in 2011. For ASH's domain, this work provides a useful bibliometric overview of the research landscape surrounding medicinal leech therapy, helping to map productive countries, publication trends, and gaps in the evidence base—information that can inform strategic priorities for the field's development. The authors note the need for multicenter studies and broader contributions from developing and least-developed countries. However, as a scientometric analysis, the study characterizes publication patterns only and does not evaluate the clinical efficacy, mechanistic findings, or scientific quality of the underlying hirudotherapy research it catalogues.

Citation

Scientometric analysis of medicinal leech therapy.

Şenel E, Taylan Özkan A, Mumcuoglu K · Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine, 2020

Added to ASH library: March 18, 2026 · Site last updated: June 18, 2026

This website provides educational information and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Medicinal leech therapy carries clinically meaningful risks and should be performed only by qualified clinicians under institutionally approved protocols. FDA 510(k) clearance for medicinal leeches is limited to specific indications; investigational and off-label discussions are labeled accordingly. For patient-specific guidance, consult a qualified healthcare provider.