Locoregional Flaps in Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Review published in Clinics in plastic surgery (2021)
Abstract
Locoregional flaps play an important role in soft tissue reconstruction of the lower extremity and should be considered an effective option in soft tissue reconstruction. The medial hemisoleus muscle flap and the distally based sural artery flap can be elevated because of unique vascular anatomy and more advanced surgical techniques in flap dissection. Each flap can replace free tissue transfer as the first choice for soft tissue reconstruction of a less extensive wound in the distal third of the leg. Patient selection and detailed knowledge of the flap and its advanced technique for flap dissection are keys to success.
Abstract sourced from PubMed (NCBI) for the cited record. See the original publication for the authoritative version.
Summary
This review describes locoregional flaps for lower-extremity soft tissue reconstruction, highlighting the medial hemisoleus muscle flap and distally based sural artery flap, which can serve as first-line options for smaller distal-third leg wounds when patients are selected appropriately.
Context
This review discusses locoregional flap options — particularly the medial hemisoleus muscle flap and distally based sural artery flap — for soft tissue reconstruction of lower extremity defects, emphasizing patient selection and surgical technique. It positions these flaps as alternatives to free tissue transfer for less extensive distal leg wounds. Reconstructive flap surgery is a clinical setting where medicinal leech therapy is sometimes used to salvage flaps experiencing venous congestion, a known complication. However, the abstract contains no mention of leeches, hirudotherapy, venous congestion management, or any leech-related intervention.
Citation
Added to ASH library: May 28, 2026 · Site last updated: November 1, 2026