American Society of Hirudotherapy

RK22

Novel antimicrobial peptide from Hirudinaria manillensis salivary transcriptome — MIC 6.25 µg/mL against MRSA, no thrombogenic effect, in vivo efficacy in mice.

Preclinical / mechanisticLast updated: 2026-05-27 · Reviewed by ASH Editorial Board
Molecular weight of RK22 compared with other characterized leech-derived compoundsHementerin80 kDaHementin80 kDaHementin-Like Protein (HLP-1)80 kDaLeech Collagenase70 kDaHaemadipsa yanyuanensis Progr…70 kDaLeech Apyrase67 kDaCalin65 kDaHyaluronidase60 kDaAntithrombin III binding prot…58 kDaCollagenolytic Fibrinolysin55 kDaLeech Thrombospondin-Like Pro…50 kDaRK222.7 kDa
Molecular weight (kilodaltons) of RK22 (highlighted) alongside other characterized leech salivary compounds. Smaller proteins/peptides generally diffuse and act faster.

Mechanistic Evidence Box

Preclinical / mechanistic
Page type
Compound profile
Evidence type
Novel antimicrobial peptide from Hirudinaria manillensis salivary transcriptome — MIC 6.25 µg/mL against MRSA, no thrombogenic effect, in vivo efficacy in mice.
Evidence level
Preclinical (animal)
Drug vs leech
Purified natural compound
Safety domains
Antibiotic stewardship

Clinical translation limit

RK22's in vitro and murine antibacterial activity does NOT establish clinical efficacy in humans. No FDA-approved derivative exists; H. manillensis is not the FDA-cleared K040187 medicinal leech species.

Molecular Profile

Category
Antimicrobial
Evidence tier
Preclinical
Molecular weight
2,700 Da
Source species
Hirudinaria manillensis
Discovered
2023 · Lu X et al.
RK22 molecular structure

Biological Targets

  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
  • Staphylococcus biofilm

Key Citations

  1. Lu X et al. (2023), Int J Mol Sci · PMID 37686259

External Resources

    Related Antimicrobial Compounds

    This website provides educational information and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Medicinal leech therapy carries clinically meaningful risks and should be performed only by qualified clinicians under institutionally approved protocols. FDA 510(k) clearance for medicinal leeches is limited to specific indications; investigational and off-label discussions are labeled accordingly. For patient-specific guidance, consult a qualified healthcare provider.