American Society of Hirudotherapy

Leech Extract >10 kDa Anti-Pulmonary-Fibrosis (TGFβ1 / Smad3)

Molecular-weight-fractionated leech extract (>10 kDa) attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via TGFβ1 / Smad3 / PKM2 / Smad7 — Zhang 2024 bleomycin-induced mouse model.

Preclinical / mechanisticLast updated: 2026-05-28 · Reviewed by ASH Editorial Board

Mechanistic Evidence Box

Preclinical / mechanistic
Page type
Compound profile
Evidence type
Molecular-weight-fractionated leech extract (>10 kDa) attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via TGFβ1 / Smad3 / PKM2 / Smad7 — Zhang 2024 bleomycin-induced mouse model.
Evidence level
Preclinical (animal)
Drug vs leech
Leech-derived crude extract
Safety domains
Bleeding

Clinical translation limit

Molecular-weight-fractionated leech extract activity in mice does NOT establish clinical efficacy for IPF in humans. The active components within the >10 kDa fraction are not yet individually identified. Not an FDA-cleared indication.

Molecular Profile

Category
Other
Evidence tier
Preclinical
Source species
Hirudo nipponia (Shui Zhi)
Discovered
2024 · Zhang Y et al.
Leech Extract >10 kDa Anti-Pulmonary-Fibrosis (TGFβ1 / Smad3) molecular structure

Biological Targets

  • TGFβ1 / Smad3 signalling axis; PKM2 monomer; Smad7

Key Citations

  1. Zhang Y et al. (2024), J Ethnopharmacol · PMID 38228229

External Resources

    Related Other Compounds

    This website provides educational information and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Medicinal leech therapy carries clinically meaningful risks and should be performed only by qualified clinicians under institutionally approved protocols. FDA 510(k) clearance for medicinal leeches is limited to specific indications; investigational and off-label discussions are labeled accordingly. For patient-specific guidance, consult a qualified healthcare provider.